How To Create Bookmark in MS-Word :

Bookmark is one of the best facilities of MS-Word. Bookmark is just like a mark. We can use it to identify location or text for future reference. You bookmark some important thing in a large content of MS-Word and then If you want to locate that text again then there will be no need to scroll through long matter. You can easily locate the bookmark that you have already marked by using Go option.





















To create bookmark follow these steps:

1. Click or select the area where you want to assign/create a bookmark.
2. Click Insert menu and then choose Bookmark option from the menu.

In MSWord 2007

From Insert Tab Click Bookmark option From Links Group toolbar.

Bookmark dialogue box will be appeared on the screen.

3. Type a specified name for the bookmark in the Bookmark name text box and click Add button. bookmark name should not be start from numbers or symbol.

If you have created many bookmarks, you can sort it by Name and by Location by clicking corresponding button in bookmark dialogue box.

How to access bookmarked text :

Follow these steps to do the same

1. Click Insert menu then select bookmark option from the menu. In bookmark window choose the bookmark which you want to locate and then
2. Click Go To Button after that
3. Click Close Button.


How to Delete a bookmark :

1. Click Insert Menu then choose bookmark option from the menu and select the bookmark name which you want to delete and then
2. Click Delete button.

READ MORE - How To Create Bookmark in MS-Word :

Ecommerce Software

ecommerce software
If you are looking for any good Ecommerce Software, Ashop Commerce is provider of shopping cart software. It is award winner Ecommerce Software . it has low monthly fee for merchants who wants to build an online ecommerce website. You can also have a demo of it to test the most comprehensive fetures of it and feell them. It is secure.

It is integrated with all most all major banks. So why not try it now. it is affordable, easy to setup and user friendly, optimized, customizable etc.

It is fast. All shopping carts are hosted on very fast webservers with 99.8% uptime. It also has thousands of features with accepting credit cards online.

you can evaluate it for 10 days for free of cost.

In all we can say that Ashop shopping cart software is a software that can manage your Ecommerce website thoroghly and friendly.

READ MORE - Ecommerce Software

DOS Prompt/Command Prompt Tips and Tricks:

In windows command prompt is also there. Here I am Explaining before you some tips and tricks of it.

1. Opening folder from Command Prompt:

Opening Current Folder:
Go to command prompt and then type Start and then . (dot) after giving a space and then press Enter key to open the current folder.

Opening Parent Folder:
If you want to open parent folder then Type Start and then type (..) at the command prompt and then press Enter key you are done.


2. Opening applications from Command Prompt:

If you want to open an application from command prompt, type Start and then type calc, it will start Calculator. Suppose you want to start Wordpad, type Start and then Wordpad. Like these you can start any application which name you know from the command prompt.


3. Copy/Paste from command prompt to Windows and Vice versa:

Copy/Paste from command prompt to Windows:

To do so go to the command prompt and then select the text you want to copy by right clicking on the text and then select Mark option from the popup menu and then select the matter, after selection it will get highlighted then press CTRL + C from the keyboard to copy it and then paste it in any windows application.

Copy/Paste from Windows to Command Prompt:
To do so select the matter and press CTRL + C to copy it from the windows and then start command prompt and then right click and choose Paste from the popup menu that appear there.

READ MORE - DOS Prompt/Command Prompt Tips and Tricks:

Shopping Cart Software:

shopping cart software

Ashop Commerce is provider of shopping cart software. It has award winning features. it has low monthly fee for merchants who wants to build an online store or ecommerce website. You can also have a demo of it to test the most comprehensive fetures of it and fell them. It is secure.

It is integrated with all most all major banks. So why not give it a try. it is affordable, easy to setup, optimized, customizable etc.

All shopping carts are hosted on very fast webservers with 99.8% uptime. It also has thousands of features with accepting credit cards online.

It offers you 10 days free trial.

In all we can say that Ashop shopping cart software is a software that can manage your online business and entire website too.

READ MORE - Shopping Cart Software:

How to get selected in CAMPUS.

Are you a B.E./MCA/BCA/B.tech/M.tech student
Want to get selected in CAMPUS.

Many students take these above mention degrees from different universities and they think that it is enough for making a career. In my opinion they must know given below technologies. I am damn sure that if any degree holder of IT field know these technologies then chances of campus selection would be 100%.

Ask yourself these questions and evaluate what you know at this moment.

• Are You Good At Communication Skills.
• Is Your English Good.
• Can you give presentation and seminars.
• Do You Have Good Command Over Any One Of C/C++/JAVA/VB/ORACLE/VB.NET/ASP.NET/WEB DESIGNING etc.
• Do You Know about Embedded ‘C’ Programming.
• Are You Aware Of Microcontroller Or Embedded Technology.
• Do You Know PCB Designing.
• Do You Know Circuit Designing.
• Do You Know PCB Fabrication.
• Do You Know Robotics.
• Do You Know How To Make Major Or Minor Project In Software Using C/C++/JAVA/ Or Any Other Language.
• Is Your General Knolege (GK) Good
• Do You Have Practical Knowledge Of Computer Graphics Using Any Computer Language.
• Do You Worked On Sound Or Frequency Using Any Language.
• Do You Know How To Create Animation Whether It Is Text Or Graphics Using Any Programming Language
• Can You Make Matrix Manipulation Program Like Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication of Matrices, Finding Diagonal Matrix Etc.
• Do You Have Good Command On DOS, Windows,Linux Operating Systems.
• Are You Good At Keyboard.
• Do You Know Tips And Tricks Of Computer Or Tweaks.
• Do You Do R & D Work?
• Do You Make Your Documentation Your Own Or Take Help Of Your Seniors.
• Do You Have Practical Knowledge Of Hardware.
• Do You Know Something about Networking.
• Do You have General Idea About Formatting, Partitioning & Installation Of Software & Drivers.
• Do You Know How To Write Driver Programs In C/C++/Assembly Language.
• Do You Know Assembly Language.
• Do You Know MS-Office Very Well.
• Do You Know Hardware Programming.
• Do You Know Meaning Of # In C/C++
• Are You Good At Writing Resume, CV (Biodata)
• Are You Good At Writing up an Application For any Post.
• Do You Know Internet/Emailing/Chatting/Surfing/Searching/Discussion in Forums/Blogging.

Now you can easily know your weaknesses about the subject. If you know all these you are genius. If you want to know all these, start from today. If you want to know it from me then also it is possible I will sincerely help you to overcome from the hurdles of getting selected in CAMPUS.

My email id is : nitinkothari@airtelbroadband.in

You can also tell your problems by commenting me. You can do this by clicking comment button below.

Best Of Luck.

READ MORE - How to get selected in CAMPUS.

Better use of old useless Floppies:

People think that there is no use of waste thing and usually they throw them away but sometimes we may use waste things in better way that is known as waste management. Now a days floppies are obsolete or flop. Nobody uses floppies now. Suppose I ask you a question what will you do with your old 1.44 or 2.88 floppies. I am sure your answer is "Throw them away" then I would say Don't throw them away. Here I am going to show you a better use of old useless floppies. You just need some old floppies and special adhesive. You can make various useful things from it.

Here I am showing that how can you make a pen stand with floppies. For this you need 5 floppies. See the photo below and you can make your own.

By this way you can think and make varieties of things and make use of old useless floppies.

READ MORE - Better use of old useless Floppies:

Save Microsoft Word document as a web page:(Tutorial)

Saving MSWord Document as a web page
If you are going to create a web page and don’t know enough HTML programming then this is the process for you, by this method you have to just type and do formatting in MSWord and then you can save this MSWord document as a web page. it will automatically create a html document.
To do so create and do formatting of a document in MSWord and then click File menu and then click Save As option from the menu and select Web Page from Save as type list box and then click "Save" button and you are done.
Giving Title to Web Page

You can also give a suitable title to your web page by clicking Change Title button in Save As dialogue box.
Viewing HTML Source
HTML source code can be seen by clicking View menu and then by choosing HTML Source option from the menu. You can directly upload this file.

Changing Theme and Background of the Web page
You can also change theme and background of this HTML document by clicking Format menu and then by choosing theme and background option from the menu. Choose theme and background of your choice from there and that’s all.

READ MORE - Save Microsoft Word document as a web page:(Tutorial)

How to create Hyper Link In MSWord

Here is how you can create hyperlink link in your MSWord document.

Click Insert menu then choose Hyperlink Option from the menu. Insert Hyperlink dialogue box will be appeared on the screen.


Type whatever text you want to display for hyperlink in Text To Display textbox and then type complete URL in the web page name textbox and then press “Ok” button to close the window.

If you want to edit the hyperlink Right Click the hyperlink you have created and then choose Hyperlink option from the popup menu and then click Edit Hyperlink and you are done.

READ MORE - How to create Hyper Link In MSWord

How to Change Color Of Hyperlink In MS-Word:

Sometimes we use hyperlink In MS-Word to show website URL and these are always in blue color when we take print out of such content they can’t be printed clearly by black & white printer or laser printer when we are not printed it out by color printer. To get rid of this problem you can change some settings in MSWord.

Click Format menu then choose “style” option from the menu. Style dialogue box will be appeared on the screen.


Now choose “All Style” from the List drop down list box. Then select Hyperlink from the Style list box and then click “Modify” button. Modify Style dialogue box will be appeared on the screen.




Click Format button and there you can choose Font, Style, Color, Underline and border for the Hyperlink. So Choose Black or any dark color for the Hyperlink to get it printed out clearly on the paper.

READ MORE - How to Change Color Of Hyperlink In MS-Word:

Earn money by writing post in your blog

Smorty is a website that allows blogger to write post of advertisers into their blog. This is place where advertisers and bloggers connect with each other. If you are a blogger then you can earn money by writing post and if you are a advertiser then you can promote your blog.

How will you earn by blogging:
You can be get paid to blog by your blog by writing post of your interest. You will be paid weekly by this. This earning facility will be provided to you by Smorty.

Make Money Join Smorty

What is the procedure:
Smorty is a website there bloggers may register and submit their blogs to approve. once your blog is approved you will be given posts to write into your blog. these posts will be around 150-200 words.

How much you can earn:
By this you can earn atleast 6$ to 100% per post. It depends upon pagerank and populirity to your blog. By this way you can write posts in any numbers of blogs as you can manage and earn weekly. Payment will be sent to you by PayPal. Opportunities are sent directly to your personal admin panel and email account. If you want to make more money then you can create more blogs and submit them for approval. After approval of your blog you may start given posting into your blog and earn money.

You can also earn by reffering other bloggers:
They also provide facility to earn by reffering other bloggers. Place a text banner or image banner they provide you into your blog and refer other bloggers.

How much you earn by reffering other blogger:
You will earn 5% commission of the total payment given to your reffered blogger for the life of your reffered blogger. So why are you waiting for start earning money and happy blogging.

I can summerise that this is the place where blogger and advertisers both get advantage. So why are you waiting for.

Click Here and Start Making Money

READ MORE - Earn money by writing post in your blog

Linux Shell Commands (Tutorial):

Print Working Directory (pwd):

pwd command is used to print working directory means it will display the current directory name where you are working. Type the pwd command press Enter Key to do so.

pwd

Displaying List of files and subdirectories:

ls command is used to display list of files and subdirectory in the current directory. It is just like DIR command of DOS (Disk Operating System). Like DOS, this command also has options. Options are always used with – followed by option name. Type the following command at Linux shell prompt and press Enter Key.

ls

Above Linux command will display list of files and subdirectories in current directory.

ls –l

Above Linux command will display detailed list of file and subdirectories of current working directory. Details list of files and directories includes file permissions, file owner, file size, file modification time then at the last filename or directory name.

ls –a

Above Linux command will display list of file and directories including hidden files.

What should I do when option of commands do not work: There may be following reasons.

1. You may be mistakenly put a space between – sign and option name. There must not be any space between – sign and option name.

2. There must be a space between command (ls) and – sign.

ls directory name

Above Linux command ls is followed by a directory name will display the content of the mentioned directory.

Wild Cards: Same as in DOS, wild cards are also used in Linux OS. There are two wild cards * and ?. * Means any number of characters and ? Means single character.

ls –l pro*

Above command will display all those files, which name start from pro. For example product, promote etc.

ls –l pro?

Above command will display all those file, which name start from pro and fourth character is something else. For example prod, proc etc.

READ MORE - Linux Shell Commands (Tutorial):

Linux Shell Commands (Tutorial):

Rules for naming a file in Linux or naming conventions:

There are some rules for naming file in Linux OS. Here are they:
1. Filename must not have blanks. You can not create filename Manoj Pal but you can create ManojPal.
2. Filenames in Linux are case sensitive that means Apple, apple and APPLE are different filenames. You cannot access Apple by typing apple.
3. Filename could be 255 characters long and this file name may be combinations of upper and lower case letters.
4. You can use . dot Underscore _ hyphen – in file names at any place in the filename.
5. Filename also may have extensions.
6. You can use more than one dot in filename and at any place.


Creating More than one directory using single mkdir command:

It is possible too to create more than one directory at a time by using single mkdir command. To do so type mkdir command at Linux command prompt followed by directory names which are to be created.

mkdir product product/computer product/computer/floppy

the above command will create a directory called product in current working directory and directory named computer under product directory and floppy under computer direcotory.

What should I do when I will not be able to create a directory:
There are certain rules to create a directory under Linux OS. If tries to create directory under Linux/Unix OS and fails then it may be due to following reasons.

1. The directory you are trying to create, a file with same name exists in the same directory.
2. You don’t have enough permission to create a directory.
3. Directory already present with the same name as you desire to create.


Changing a directory:

If you wish to change your current working directory. cd command is used. Just suppose if you want to change your current working directory to product directory. Type the following command to do so.

cd product

Removing a directory: To remove any directory under Linux OS. rmdir command is used. suppose you want to remove directory called product. command will be as follows.

rmdir product

Removing more than one directory using single rmdir command:

It is possible too to remove more than one directory at a time by using single rmdir command. To do so type rmdir command at Linux command prompt followed by directory names which are to be deleted.

rmdir product/computer/floppy product/computer product

the above command will delete three directories at a time. But one thing always you should keep in your mind, while removing directories, you should remove lower level directory first then upper level in the tree as shown in the above example.


What should I do when I will not be able to remove any directory:

There are certain rules to remove a directory under Linux OS. If tries to remove directory under Linux/Unix OS and fails then it may be due to following reasons.

1. The directory you are trying to remove is not empty means the directory have subdirectories first remove then and try again.
2. You don’t have enough permission to remove a directory.
3. you must be get out of that directory which is to be deleted you must not be in anyone of its subdirectories in order to delete the directory.

More Linux Shell Commands

READ MORE - Linux Shell Commands (Tutorial):

Linux Shell Commands (Tutorial):

Shell commands are commands through which we can operate Linux. Here I am giving commands that how to operate Linux shell. These commands must be typed in small case at Linux shell prompt.

Creating a text file in Linux Shell:

cat > filename

By using above shell command we can easily create a file in Linux OS. You can give any filename of your wish and then press Enter Key and then type some matter (text) for the file and then press CTRL + D from the keyboard to save the file and you are done. You have successfully created a file in Linux.

Displaying Contents of a text file in Linux Shell:

Suppose you want to display contents of any text file in Linux OS, just type the following command at the Linux shell prompt and press Enter (Return) Key.

cat filename

In place of filename you can type any filename that exist in that directory. This will show you whole contents of the file.

Displaying contents of more than one file in one command:

By using following command you can display content of more then one file at a time in a single shell command. Here in this example I am displaying matter of two files at a time.

cat filename1 filename2

Removing a file:

If you no longer need any file then you can easily remove any file from shell to do so type the following command at shell prompt.

rm filename

Making a directory:

If you want to make a directory type the following command at the shell prompt and then press Enter Key.

mkdir directoryname

You can type any directory name as your want.

More Linux Shell Commands

READ MORE - Linux Shell Commands (Tutorial):

Mobile Repairing through codes:

Now-a-days mobile has become part of our life. Sometimes it may be locked unfortunately. There are two ways to unlock the mobile.

1. By using Computer software
2. By commands/ codes

Seconds method is easy. Through codes we can do lot of things such as unlocking, resetting, formatting etc. Repairing with code does not require any kind of tool, PC and cable. This type of repairing will be done in mobile handset itself.

*#92702689#: Type this number in your NOKIA mobile handset and soon you will come to know some important details of your handset such as IMEI number, Life timer, Made, Purchasing date etc. In order to go in standby mode again you have to switch off and then switch on the mobile handset.

To find out IMEI no of GSM Mobile:

*#06#: Type this number on mobile handset and you will come to know that what is your mobile’s IMEI number.

What is IMEI number:

It is 15 digits number. Each and every mobile has different IMEI number. IMEI means International Mobile Equipment and Identification Number). You may find this number beneath the battery at the back of the mobile handset.

XXXXXX	XX	XXXXXX	X
TAC	FAC	SNR	SPR
Type Approval Code	Final Assembly Code	Serial Number Code	Spare Code

*#7780#: To restore factory settings in NOKIA Handset.

*2767*3855#: Master unlock-code in SAMSUNG GSM Handset (Old model)

*2767*2878#: Master unlock-code in SAMSUNG GSM Handset

*2767*7377#: Master unlock-code in SAMSUNG GSM Handset (New Model)

*#523#: To adjust LCD contrast in SAMSUNG GSM mobile.

*#0228#: To display details of battery temperature and capacitance in SAMSUNG mobile.

*759#813380#: To unlock SAMSUNG T191 CDMA. After dialing this press ‘0’ , 13 times from the keypad.

Master reset code for SAMSUNG SCH N-356 SLIM:

47*869#123580 then type 060.

Note : you need not type : in above codes.

READ MORE - Mobile Repairing through codes:

HAZWOPER TRAINING

Free 40 Hour HAZWOPER TRAINING November 13-16, 2007 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. McCoy Administrative Bldg. Wellpinit, WA Contact: Spokane Tribal College 258-9202 or SHAWL Society 258-8952 SHAWL SOCIETY P.O. Box 61 Wellpinit, WA 99040 Phone: 509.258.8952 - 509.258.4313 shawlsociety@yahoo.com

READ MORE - HAZWOPER TRAINING

HISTORY

Uranium mining began on native lands in the 1950’s and continued until the market dropped in the early l980’s. Tribal members worked in the mining industry for three decades with little or no information about the toxic conditions of the workplace.

Two open-pit mines were launched on the Spokane Reservation. Midnite Mine began in 1953 and became a Superfund Site in 2000. There are complex difficulties with the Midnite reclamation due to aquifer penetration during mining operations, creating perpetual seepage evolving into two lakes of standing contaminated water which flows into Blue Creek and the Spokane River after undergoing a dated water treatment process.

Sherwood Mine was operated by Western Nuclear from 1978 until 1984 and has since been reclaimed. However, an estimated 1200 workers at Sherwood Mine and Millsite were never provided sufficient information about the detrimental impacts of radiation and by-product toxins associated with the uranium mining.

The residents of this reservation suffer disproportionate health impacts as a result of radiation and heavy metal contaminant exposure. There has never been a baseline health study conducted to determine health impact. Risk exposure to the community is especially high due to the subsistence lifestyle and cultural/spiritual practices, including hunting, fishing, gathering roots and berries, logging, sweatlodge and medicinal plant use.

READ MORE - HISTORY

CURRENT PROJECTS

CURRENT PROJECTS

• Community Uranium Radiation Education (CURE) gatherings
• Resource Centers at Spokane Tribal College and IHS Clinic
• Community Training Events
• Uranium Curriculum Development Project with Wellpinit/Laguna Pueblo Schools
• Youth Video Training Project with TANF
• Indigenous Plants/Hide Tanning Projects
• Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) information services
• Radiation Exposure Screening Education Program with IHS
• Protecting Sacred Sites and Ceremonial Practices
• Spokane River Fish Consumption Outreach
• Holds membership in regional/national networks Peace Development Funds, BASE INITIATIVE; Indigenous Environmental Network; Western Mining Action Network

READ MORE - CURRENT PROJECTS

Inkers

Inkers is a provider of a toner and inkjet printer cartridges (generic or compatible). They provide high quality ink cartridges for your Laser printer, Inkjet printer, multifunction printer and fax machines.

They says "One best thing to purchase from them is they give guarantee against defect for one year and a 30 days no question ask money back guarantee they give.
It is an cost effective alternative.

Inkers delivers free ground shipping and usually they deliver same day of orders
If you need any kind of guidance from them feel free to call them at their toll free number before 2PM Pacific at 800-848-7232 and they will be glad to guide you through. they always love to help your queries about ink cartrides.

So when you think about ink cartridges think about Inkers.

READ MORE - Inkers

Accounting Tally Shortcuts :

As we all know that in computers, shortcuts make our day-to-day life easier. In Tally too shortcuts are there, although Tally is already easy to operate and fast to work with it however by knowing some shortcuts of Tally it would be possible to operate it extremely fast. Either you are displaying a report, creating ledgers or making vouchers, these shortcuts are really helpful.

Alt 2 :To create duplicate voucher when we display daybook. When we display day book, highlight the entry for which you want to make duplicate voucher and then press Alt 2 key. It will take you to the voucher entry screen and it is voucher duplication mode. There you save the entry and you are done.

Ctrl A:To accept duplicate voucher without asking y/n. When you are duplicating voucher by pressing Alt 2. Alt 2 will take you to the voucher entry screen there you don’t need to accept the all entries, you can directly save the entire voucher without asking y/n by pressing Ctrl A. If you are doing totally new voucher entry before typing narration press Ctrl A, will save the entry without asking y/n.

Alt C:This shortcut has many uses like
:1. To create new voucher when cursor ask account name in voucher entry mode
:2. To access calculator when cursor is at amount field in voucher entry mode.
:3. To create new column when we display any report like Balance Sheet, Trial Balance Account books etc

Alt N:To change column details like weakly, monthly, quarterly & yearly

Alt A :To change newly created column

Alt D:To delete newly created column

F7:Shortcut to change valuation method

Alt F1:To access Inventory buttons in voucher entry

F1:To access Accounting buttons in voucher entry

F1:To Select an existing company From Gateway of Tally. It will show you list of created companies to choose from.

Alt F1:To Shut a company. If more than one company is selected then it will ask us to choose which is to be closed. Select the desired company and then press Enter key will close the company.

Alt F3:To get Company Info menu when you are in Gateway of Tally. In company info menu you can do various work such as Selecting a company, Shutting a company, Create a company, Create a new company, Alter a company data, Change Tally vault, Split company data and also take backup and restore company’s data from there.

Ctrl G:To create groups while creating a new ledger.

Ctrl V :To create new voucher type while creating a new Ledger or Group

Ctrl V :To change the voucher entry mode as a voucher/ as a invoice.

Ctrl I: To create new Item while creating a new Group

Ctrl U: To create new Unit while creating a new Item/Group

Alt I: To change voucher as a accounting invoice/ item invoice.

Alt F1: To display detailed or condensed report while displaying reports.

Ctrl T: To switch between Post – Dated Voucher and regular Voucher

Ctrl R: To repeat last voucher narration

F2: To change date of voucher entry

Alt F2: To change Financial Year from Gateway of Tally

F4: To create a contra entry for deposit and withdraw from bank

F5: To create payment voucher

F6: To create receipt voucher

F7: To create journal voucher

F8: To create a sales voucher

F9: To create a purchase voucher

F11: To change features

F12: To configure settings

Ctrl N: To access calculator at any time.

Ctrl M: To Stop Calculator

Alt R: To hide a entry in a report or temporary remove

Alt S: To Unhide a entry which you hidden temporary

Alt U: To Show last entry which you hidden temporary

Alt X: To cancel/remove an entry in day book

Ctrl + Alt B: To check the tally version, Release, Build, company statutory version

Ctrl + Alt I: To import statutory masters

Ctrl + Q: To quit from tally without making any changes

Alt P: To Print any report while displaying it.

Alt E: Export

Alt M: E – Mail

Alt O: Upload

Alt L: To change Language of tally. We can change 11 languages in tally such as Bahasa
Indonesia, Bahasa Melayu, English, Gujrati, Hindi, Hinglish, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu.

Alt K: To change Keyboard commands language.

Note : Company names are used in article are their respective compaines.

Related Articles :
How to disable colors in Tally
How to change financial year in Tally

READ MORE - Accounting Tally Shortcuts :

Logic Gates:

Logic gates are electronic circuits in computer, which perform all operation in computer. Logic gates have one or more input signals and only one output signal. It is basic circuits for all major circuits in computer.

Types of Gates:

1. AND GATE: This type of gate may have two or more than two input and have only one output. If all inputs are high then only output will be high. If any one input will be low then output will be low. Table given below shows AND operation.

I	J	K=I*J I AND J
0	0	0
0	1	0
1	0	0
1	1	1

In AND operation both input are multiplied and then give output. So if there is any low input in AND gate then output will be low (0). To take a high output all input must be high (1).

2. OR GATE: This type of gate may have two or more than two input signal and give one output. Such type of gate gives high (1) output when any one input is high. If all inputs are low then output will be low. Table below shows OR operation.

I	J	K=I+J I OR J
0	0	0
0	1	1
1	0	1
1	1	1

Above table shows that in OR gate when value of I and J is 0 then value of K is 0 because of OR operation. Means in OR gate if all inputs will be low then output will be low. To take high output from OR gate any one of the inputs must be high.

3. NOT GATE: It has one input and one output. In NOT gate if input signal is high then output will be low. If input signal is low then output will be high. Means in this gate inverse of input signal will be received on output. To take complement of input this gate is used. Always opposite of the input signal will be received at the output. Table below shows NOT operation.

I	~I NOT I
0	1
1	0

READ MORE - Logic Gates:

Hexadecimal Number System:

Hexadecimal number system is also used in computers. Hexadecimal means 16. 16 Hexadecimal numbers are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
Here is a table that shows decimal, binary and its hexadecimal equivalent numbers.

Decimal	Binary	Hexadecimal
0	0000	0
1	0001	1
2	0010	2
3	0011	3
4	0100	4
5	0101	5
6	0110	6
7	0111	7
8	1000	8
9	1001	9
10	1010	A
11	1011	B
12	1100	C
13	1101	D
14	1110	E
15	1111	F

Hexadecimal To Binary Conversion:

Just suppose we want to convert 3F into its binary equivalent here is how to achieve it. First of all convert 3 and F to its 4 bit equivalent binary.

3	F
0011	1111

So binary equivalent of 3F is 0011 1111

Another Example:

How to convert 3AF into its binary equivalent: 3AF is a hexadecimal number so first of all we will convert 3, A and F into its binary equivalent separately and then join them together, that will be binary equivalent of 3AF.

3	A	F
0011	1010	1111

So binary equivalent of 3AF is 0011 1010 1111.

Binary To Hexadecimal Conversion:

Here is how you can convert binary number to its hexadecimal equivalent. Just suppose we want to convert this 16 bit binary into hexadecimal. Here is the 16 bit binary number. 1111 1110 0011 1111. So first of all we will convert each 4 bits into its hexadecimal equivalent and then join them to get the answer.

1111	1110	0011	1111
F	E	3	F

So FE3F is a hexadecimal number of given binary equivalent.

READ MORE - Hexadecimal Number System:

How to convert from decimal to binary :

Sometimes we need to convert numbers from decimal to binary. Here is how to do the same.

Divide the decimal number by 2 until quotient remains 0 and write the remainder each time you divide. How you will do this as shown below.

Note: each time you divide the decimal number by 2 then remainder will be always either 0 or 1 because we are dividing a decimal number by 2. There is no chance to remain other than 0 or 1 as a remainder.

Example: Suppose decimal number is (13)₁₀ and we would like to convert this (13)₁₀ into binary number.

2	13
2	6	1
2	3	0
2	1	1
	0	1

In above example first of all 13 is divided by 2 so quotient will be 6 and remainder will be 1. Again divide remaining quotient 6 by 2 so quotient is now 3 and remainder is 0. Now divide this quotient 3 by 2 so quotient will be 1 and remainder is 1 too. At the last quotient 1 is divided by 2 but 1 is not divided by 2 so quotient will be 0 and remainder will be 1 and it is finished. It always happen when quotient will remain 1 and it is not divided by 2 so quotient will be 0 and remainder will be 1.

After completion of this process write down the remainders from bottom to up. In above example (1101)₂. So binary number of 13 is (1101)₂.

Here is a list of decimal and its binary equivalent.

Decimal	Binary
0	0000
1	0001
2	0010
3	0011
4	0100
5	0101
6	0110
7	0111
8	1000
9	1001
10	1010
11	1011
12	1100
13	1101
14	1110
15	1111

Another Example of Decimal to Binary conversion

Converting Decimal number 25 to its binary equivalent:

2	25
2	12	1
2	6	0
2	3	0
2	1	1
2	0	1

So writing remainders from bottom to up is (11001)₂. Binary equivalent of 25 is (11001)₂.

READ MORE - How to convert from decimal to binary :